近年来，美国的Wildfires（山火/野火）变得越来越普遍。森林火灾可能会对附近社区产生毁灭性的影响，摧毁建筑物和房屋，导致商业活动停摆，破坏农业，甚至改变当地生态。最终随着山火爆发越发频繁、损失风险上升，一些保险公司已经将服务撤出了某些地区。
想知道哪些地区的山火最常见，哪里的居民风险最高？SmartAsset 分析了最新的联邦应急管理局（FEMA）数据，根据每年因山火造成的预计人均经济损失对美国各县进行了排名。
图片来自于@Smart Asset ，版权属于原作者
美国各县山火损失风险排名Top 100
划重点：
- 爱达荷州的山火损失风险最大。有三个县在预计山火损失方面名列前茅，Adams县预计因野火造成的人均损失为$1,287，全美最高；Boise县排名第三，预计人均损失$1,137；Idaho县以$904排名第六。
- 加州Mariposa县的人均预计损失最高。Mariposa是加州唯一进入风险榜前十名的县，排名第九，人均预期损失为$720；加州第二的Sierra县全美排名第22，预计损失为$594；加州第三的Plumas县以$397排在全美第41。以州为单位算的话，加州的预计人均损失只排在全美第六名。
- 德州的Irion县和Borden县面临人均$1,000的山火损失风险。Irion县因野火造成的人均损失预计为$1,002，位居美国第四；Borden县预计人均损失$976排行第五。但以整个州来算的话，德州的预计风险就小得多，只有人均$8.25。
- 全美平均来看，因山火造成的人均预期损失为$26。这比冰雹（人均$25.40）、干旱（人均$20.42）、冷锋（人均$3.62）、热浪（人均$7.50）、冰暴（人均$7.64）、山体滑坡（人均$3.86）、闪电（人均$4.23）、海啸（人均$0.04）、火山（人均$0.51）和冬季天气（人均$7.91）等天灾造成的损失都要高。但以下这些天灾导致的经济损失又高于山火：龙卷风（人均$54.89）、飓风（人均$53.57）、洪水（人均$32.41）、地震（人均$29.62）、河流强风（人均$26.46）。
| 美国各县山火损失风险排名Top 100 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 排名 | 县 | 年度预计山火损失 | 年度预计所有天灾损失 |
| 1 | Adams County, ID | $1,287 | $1,383 |
| 2 | Eureka County, NV | $1,190 | $3,045 |
| 3 | Boise County, ID | $1,137 | $1,286 |
| 4 | Irion County, TX | $1,002 | $1,223 |
| 5 | Borden County, TX | $976 | $2,164 |
| 6 | Idaho County, ID | $905 | $1,036 |
| 7 | Elko County, NV | $897 | $985 |
| 8 | Catron County, NM | $811 | $874 |
| 9 | Mariposa County, CA | $720 | $865 |
| 10 | Valley County, ID | $693 | $744 |
| 11 | Storey County, NV | $680 | $1,801 |
| 12 | Ravalli County, MT | $678 | $757 |
| 13 | Sherman County, OR | $668 | $1,049 |
| 14 | Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, AK | $651 | $832 |
| 15 | Jeff Davis County, TX | $648 | $961 |
| 16 | Motley County, TX | $625 | $1,039 |
| 17 | Hemphill County, TX | $619 | $1,243 |
| 18 | Roosevelt County, NM | $613 | $925 |
| 19 | Emmons County, ND | $612 | $2,657 |
| 20 | Mora County, NM | $600 | $686 |
| 21 | Lincoln County, NM | $598 | $771 |
| 22 | Sierra County, CA | $594 | $1,104 |
| 23 | Custer County, SD | $553 | $818 |
| 24 | Ferry County, WA | $546 | $697 |
| 25 | Wheeler County, OR | $512 | $2,247 |
| 26 | Roberts County, TX | $496 | $1,095 |
| 27 | Calaveras County, CA | $489 | $627 |
| 28 | Cameron Parish, LA | $478 | $1,324 |
| 29 | Humboldt County, NV | $466 | $1,064 |
| 30 | Sterling County, TX | $458 | $702 |
| 31 | Wasco County, OR | $449 | $624 |
| 32 | Hyde County, SD | $443 | $1,163 |
| 33 | Childress County, TX | $441 | $3,503 |
| 34 | Wheeler County, TX | $434 | $912 |
| 35 | Colfax County, NM | $424 | $546 |
| 36 | Coke County, TX | $417 | $582 |
| 37 | Schleicher County, TX | $417 | $583 |
| 38 | Elmore County, ID | $401 | $514 |
| 39 | Washington County, UT | $401 | $605 |
| 40 | Camas County, ID | $400 | $545 |
| 41 | Plumas County, CA | $397 | $823 |
| 42 | Donley County, TX | $396 | $965 |
| 43 | Roseau County, MN | $385 | $600 |
| 44 | Tuolumne County, CA | $373 | $438 |
| 45 | Kent County, TX | $368 | $869 |
| 46 | Alpine County, CA | $363 | $1,875 |
| 47 | Kittitas County, WA | $359 | $601 |
| 48 | Sutton County, TX | $348 | $847 |
| 49 | Powder River County, MT | $346 | $635 |
| 50 | Denali Borough, AK | $345 | $1,023 |
| 51 | Gilliam County, OR | $319 | $652 |
| 52 | Trinity County, CA | $317 | $516 |
| 53 | Okanogan County, WA | $316 | $441 |
| 54 | Edwards County, TX | $316 | $692 |
| 55 | Campbell County, SD | $310 | $1,522 |
| 56 | Lander County, NV | $310 | $1,020 |
| 57 | Brewster County, TX | $306 | $753 |
| 58 | Gila County, AZ | $299 | $397 |
| 59 | Kittson County, MN | $292 | $638 |
| 60 | Lemhi County, ID | $288 | $368 |
| 61 | McHenry County, ND | $276 | $1,234 |
| 62 | Fall River County, SD | $276 | $484 |
| 63 | Marshall County, MN | $275 | $603 |
| 64 | Harney County, OR | $272 | $331 |
| 65 | Arthur County, NE | $267 | $983 |
| 66 | Harding County, SD | $265 | $707 |
| 67 | Dickens County, TX | $265 | $808 |
| 68 | Iron County, UT | $262 | $382 |
| 69 | Granite County, MT | $260 | $473 |
| 70 | King County, TX | $259 | $1,087 |
| 71 | Teller County, CO | $258 | $384 |
| 72 | Meade County, SD | $254 | $433 |
| 73 | Grant County, NE | $253 | $662 |
| 74 | Sweet Grass County, MT | $249 | $475 |
| 75 | Lincoln County, ID | $248 | $369 |
| 76 | Carson County, TX | $247 | $1,613 |
| 77 | Clear Creek County, CO | $246 | $515 |
| 78 | Summit County, UT | $245 | $361 |
| 79 | Washington County, ID | $242 | $321 |
| 80 | Roger Mills County, OK | $242 | $549 |
| 81 | Jones County, SD | $233 | $1,135 |
| 82 | Klickitat County, WA | $230 | $342 |
| 83 | Lincoln County, WA | $227 | $375 |
| 84 | Grant County, OR | $226 | $376 |
| 85 | Gaines County, TX | $224 | $455 |
| 86 | Comanche County, TX | $224 | $445 |
| 87 | Clearwater County, ID | $221 | $278 |
| 88 | Comanche County, KS | $220 | $1,025 |
| 89 | Garfield County, MT | $220 | $564 |
| 90 | Shackelford County, TX | $218 | $676 |
| 91 | Chelan County, WA | $212 | $335 |
| 92 | Owyhee County, ID | $212 | $257 |
| 93 | Sully County, SD | $204 | $1,532 |
| 94 | Siskiyou County, CA | $203 | $778 |
| 95 | Lipscomb County, TX | $202 | $856 |
| 96 | Chautauqua County, KS | $201 | $717 |
| 97 | Lincoln County, NV | $200 | $1,041 |
| 98 | Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, AK | $200 | $588 |
| 99 | Daggett County, UT | $199 | $278 |
| 100 | Gem County, ID | $196 | $248 |
讨论
据说今年夏天全美又将迎来异常炎热天气 ，小伙伴们做好避暑准备了吗？如果你刚好在山火风险大的地区，请收下这份山火逃生自救指南。
来源：SmartAsset，封面图Credit：WHSV
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